Lung Cancer is a malignant lung tumor which consists of the enlargement of the abnormal cells of the lung. It is also named as pulmonary carcinoma or lung carcinoma.
It starts from the lung and spread to the different parts beyond the lung and this process is known as metastasis.
Types of lung Cancer:
Chest x-ray: It is done when there is coughing up blood. Chest X-ray report show a white grey mass but the chest x-ray cannot diagnose when there is pus formation in the lung.
CT Scan: It is done by using X-rays and a computer that create the images of the inner body. A dye is inserted to the lung before the scan for the clean view of the lung during scan.
PET- CT Scan: PET is the positron Emission Tomography CT Scan which is done when the CT Scan show the cancer of the early stage.
Bronchoscopy and Biopsy: Bronchoscopy is done to visualize the bronchi and to collect a small sample of cell of the bronchi through the biopsy. During the procedure mild sedative and local anesthesia is given to loss sensation in the throat.
It starts from the lung and spread to the different parts beyond the lung and this process is known as metastasis.
Types of lung Cancer:
- Non-small cell lung carcinoma: It subtypes are Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Adenocarcihe originates in the peripheral lung tissue. It is the common from of Lung Cancer associated with person who smokes. Squamous cell carcinoma originates in large airways. Large cell carcinoma is named as the cancer cell are large with large nuclei and more cytoplasm.
- Small cell lung carcinoma: The cancer originates from large airways ( primary and secondary bronchi) and moreover grows quickly and spread rapidly. Smoking is the main leading cause of small cell lung carcinoma.
- Lung carcinoma: It is sometimes called as lung neuroendocrine carcinoma. It grows slowly and spread lately.
- Genetic
- Cigarette smoking
- Passive smoking i.e inhalation of smoke from the person other then smokers.
- Exposure to the gas like Radon, Asbestos that cause fibrosis of lung.
- Air pollution
- Exposure to radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays.
- Persistent Cough
- Persistent chest pain
- Coughing up blood
- Weezing
- Shortness of breath
- Loss of weight
- Decrease intake of food
- Fatigue
- Stage 0: It is known as carcinoma insitu where the cancer lies in the place of origin and does not grow to the surrounding tissues.
- Stage I: Cancer does not spread to the lymph nodes.
- Stage I A: Cancer cell less than 3cm wide.
- Stage I B: Cancer cell more than 3cm and less than 5cm wide.
- Stage II:
- Stage II A: Cancer cell more than 5cm and less than 7cm wide and moreover does not spread to the nearby lymph node.
- Stage II B: Cancer cell more than 5 cm and less than 7cm wide and moreover may or may not spread to the surrounding tissues but does not spread to the lymph nodes.
- Stage III:
- Stage III A: Cancer cell spread to the lymph node in the middle of the chest or into the surrounding tissue.
- Stage III B: Cancer cell spread to the lymph nodes on either side of chest or the collar bone.
- Stage IV: Cancer cell has spread to the different parts of body outside the lung (metastasis) through the blood stream for example to the brain, bones, liver, Kidney.
Chest x-ray: It is done when there is coughing up blood. Chest X-ray report show a white grey mass but the chest x-ray cannot diagnose when there is pus formation in the lung.
CT Scan: It is done by using X-rays and a computer that create the images of the inner body. A dye is inserted to the lung before the scan for the clean view of the lung during scan.
PET- CT Scan: PET is the positron Emission Tomography CT Scan which is done when the CT Scan show the cancer of the early stage.
Bronchoscopy and Biopsy: Bronchoscopy is done to visualize the bronchi and to collect a small sample of cell of the bronchi through the biopsy. During the procedure mild sedative and local anesthesia is given to loss sensation in the throat.
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